Brazil is a welcoming country when it comes to family-based immigration. The Brazilian government recognizes the importance of family unity and has specific immigration pathways for individuals seeking to join close family members legally residing in the country. Known as the family reunion visa, this legal route allows foreigners to reside in Brazil by virtue of their family ties to Brazilian citizens or legal residents.
This article explains who qualifies, clarifies common doubts, and highlights the rights and benefits offered by this visa type.
Who qualifies for the Brazilian family reunification visa?
The family reunification visa is a legal pathway that allows foreign nationals to join their close relatives who are Brazilian or foreigners legally residing in Brazil. It is a widely used route for foreigners who wish to live in Brazil with their spouses, children, parents, or other dependent family members.
Understanding who qualifies for this visa is essential before preparing an application, as Brazilian immigration law outlines very specific relationships that are eligible under this program.
Brazil’s approach to family-based immigration is notably inclusive. The country recognizes not only traditional family ties, but also civil unions and other dependent relationships.
However, proper documentation and proof of the familial bond are critical to approval. In this section, we will explain which relatives are eligible, the legal definitions applicable, and specific conditions attached to each type of relationship.
Spouse or civil partner
A foreign spouse or legally recognized civil partner of a Brazilian citizen or a legal resident may apply for the reunification visa. Brazil acknowledges both heterosexual and same-sex unions.
For unmarried couples, proof of a public deed of a stable union/civil partnership (união estável) is accepted, which alsoincludes shared leases, joint bank accounts, or sworn affidavits.
Applicants must prove the legitimacy of the relationship through marriage certificates, civil union registration, or equivalent documents, all of which must be translated into Portuguese and apostilled if issued abroad.
It is important to note that sham marriages for immigration purposes are criminalized under Brazilian law and are subject to investigation and prosecution.
Children (biological or adopted)
Children under the age of 18 are eligible for family reunification if their parent is a Brazilian citizen or holds legal residency. Adopted children are treated equally to biological children under Brazilian law.
For children over the age of 18, eligibility depends on their financial or physical dependency on the parent residing in Brazil. Proof may include medical records, educational enrollment, or financial dependence documentation. Again, proper legal translation and certification are mandatory.
Parents of Brazilian citizens or residents
Parents of Brazilian citizens or legal residents may also apply for reunification, especially if they depend on their child for financial or physical support. This option is particularly relevant for retirees or elderly parents who need care or wish to spend their later years close to family and for newborn babies and toddlers who are Brazilian.
Proof of the relationship, such as birth certificates and documents showing dependency or cohabitation, are essential. If the sponsoring child is a Brazilian by birth, their birth certificate is a primary requirement.
Siblings and other relatives (in exceptional cases)
In some rare cases, siblings, grandparents, or other family members may qualify, particularly if there is proven dependency, guardianship, or humanitarian need. These cases are assessed on an individual basis and often require a legal assessment to demonstrate the special circumstances to Brazilian immigration authorities.
Legal proof of dependency or co-responsibility is critical. The involvement of a qualified legal advisor is highly recommended in such cases, as the requirements are stringent and the likelihood of approval depends heavily on how the case is presented.
Recognition of same-sex couples and stable unions
Brazil is considered progressive in recognizing same-sex unions. Couples in same-sex marriages or stable unions enjoy the same rights as heterosexual couples in immigration matters. Legal proof of the relationship is mandatory, including public declarations of stable union, joint assets, or shared financial responsibilities.
Applicants should ensure their documents are translated into Portuguese and apostilled if issued abroad. Incomplete or unofficial documentation is a common reason for visa denial.
Required documents to prove family ties
Regardless of the relationship, the application for a family reunification visa must include specific documentation to prove the family bond. While requirements may vary slightly depending on the consulate or Federal Police unit processing the case, the core documents typically include:
- Valid passport of the applicant;
- Birth or marriage certificate (apostilled and translated);
- Proof of legal residency or Brazilian nationality of the sponsor;
- Proof of family relationship;
- Proof of dependency, if applicable;
- Criminal background check from the applicant's country of origin;
- Completed visa request form and recent photos.
For stable unions, a public deed and additional evidence of cohabitation or financial interdependence may be required.
Benefits of family reunionin Brazil
Living in Brazil with family offers emotional, social, and practical advantages. The visa provides the right to reside legally in the country and access benefits such as healthcare, education, and legal employment (in most cases). Dependents can also apply for permanent residency after a certain period, depending on the relationship and visa type.
Moreover, the Brazilian Constitution and Immigration Law values the protection of the family unit, and the family reunification visa reflects this principle in its inclusive eligibility criteria. Whether you're a parent joining your child or a spouse reuniting with your partner, this visa facilitates the legal integration of families into Brazilian society.
Foreigners who obtain a family reunification visa in Brazil enjoy several legal and practical benefits:
- Authorization to reside legally in Brazil;
- Access to public healthcare and education;
- Right to open a bank account and obtain a CPF;
- Pathway to permanent residency and, eventually, Brazilian citizenship.
Applicants also gain legal protections under Brazilian law, including labor rights if employed, access to justice, and social integration programs.
Common concerns and how legal guidance helps
One of the most common concerns for applicants is proving the family relationship in a format accepted by Brazilian authorities. Documents from abroad must often be apostilled and officially translated into Portuguese. Any discrepancies in names, dates, or formatting may cause delays or denials.
Legal professionals experienced in Brazilian immigration law can anticipate these issues and ensure all documents are complete, correctly translated, and submitted on time. They also help applicants understand the legal implications of their status and advise on paths to permanent residency and eventual naturalization.
Another concern is the timeline. While some family reunification visas are processed quickly, others can take months. Legal assistance helps speed up the process by reducing errors and facilitating communication with immigration authorities.
Move to Brazil with your loved ones
Family reunification is more than just an immigration benefit; it is a fundamental right recognized in Brazil. If you meet the criteria and provide the proper documentation, you can join your loved ones and enjoy the many opportunities Brazil has to offer.
With the help of a qualified legal team, like the professionals at Amorim Global, the process becomes significantly more manageable. They provide end-to-end support to ensure that your case is well-prepared and has the best possible chance of success.
